Tag: Criminal

Unfair The New Science of Criminal Injustice


Free Download Unfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice By Adam Benforado
2015 | 400 Pages | ISBN: 0770437761 | EPUB | 3 MB
"A law professor sounds an explosive alarm on the hidden unfairness of our legal system." -Kirkus Reviews,starred A child is gunned down by a police officer; an investigator ignores critical clues in a case; an innocent man confesses to a crime he did not commit; a jury acquits a killer. The evidence is all around us: Our system of justice is fundamentally broken. But it’s not for the reasons we tend to think, as law professor Adam Benforado argues in this eye-opening, galvanizing book. Even if the system operated exactly as it was designed to, we would still end up with wrongful convictions, trampled rights, and unequal treatment. This is because the roots of injustice lie not inside the dark hearts of racist police officers or dishonest prosecutors, but within the minds of each and every one of us. This is difficult to accept. Our nation is founded on the idea that the law is impartial, that legal cases are won or lost on the basis of evidence, careful reasoning and nuanced argument. But they may, in fact, turn on the camera angle of a defendant’s taped confession, the number of photos in a mug shot book, or a simple word choice during a cross-examination. In Unfair, Benforado shines a light on this troubling new field of research, showing, for example, that people with certain facial features receive longer sentences and that judges are far more likely to grant parole first thing in the morning. Over the last two decades, psychologists and neuroscientists have uncovered many cognitive forces that operate beyond our conscious awareness. Until we address these hidden biases head-on, Benforado argues, the social inequality we see now will only widen, as powerful players and institutions find ways to exploit the weaknesses of our legal system. Weaving together historical examples, scientific studies, and compelling court cases-from the border collie put on trial in Kentucky to the five teenagers who falsely confessed in the Central Park Jogger case-Benforado shows how our judicial processes fail to uphold our values and protect society’s weakest members. With clarity and passion, he lays out the scope of the legal system’s dysfunction and proposes a wealth of practical reforms that could prevent injustice and help us achieve true fairness and equality before the law.

(more…)

The Routledge Guide to Working in Criminal Justice Employability skills and careers in the Criminal Justice sector


Free Download The Routledge Guide to Working in Criminal Justice: Employability skills and careers in the Criminal Justice sector By Ester Ragonese, Anne Rees, Jo Ives, Terry Dray
2014 | 332 Pages | ISBN: 0415810701 | PDF | 2 MB
Every year thousands of people compete for employment in the UK. Employability and the ability to demonstrate the skills, attributes and behaviours required in a full-time job have become integral to securing employment and developing a career. This book aims to offer a one-stop guide to becoming employable and to careers in the Criminal Justice Sector and beyond, exploring the key organizations and employers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, explaining how they operate and detailing how they are changing.Written in an engaging and accessible style by four experts on employability and the Criminal Justice Sector, this book combines useful hints on becoming employable with helpful insights from those working in specific sectors. The book covers careers in: probation, the police, prisons, the courts, prosecution services and advocacy, youth justice. Packed with hints and tips, advice from current students, useful web links and lists of recommended reading, this book provides a clear guide to the career decision-making and transition processes and covers the essential elements required to making the first step towards securing a job in the above sectors. It will be essential reading for those who want to forge a successful career in any area of the Criminal Justice Sector.

(more…)

Street justice retaliation in the criminal underworld


Free Download Street justice : retaliation in the criminal underworld By Wright, Richard; Jacobs, Bruce Abel
2006 | 154 Pages | ISBN: 0511816057 | PDF | 2 MB
Street criminals live in a dangerous world, but they cannot rely on the criminal justice system to protect them from predation by fellow lawbreakers; they often use retaliation as a mechanism for deterring and responding to victimization. This explores retaliation from the perspective of those who have experienced it first hand.

(more…)

Robotics, AI and Criminal Law


Free Download Kamil Mamak, "Robotics, AI and Criminal Law "
English | ISBN: 1032362790 | 2023 | 152 pages | PDF | 3 MB
This book offers a phenomenological perspective on the criminal law debate on robots. Today, robots are protected in some form by criminal law. A robot is a person’s property and is protected as property. This book presents the different rationale for protecting robots beyond the property justification based on the phenomenology of human-robot interactions. By focusing on robots that have bodies and act in the physical world in social contexts, the work provides an assessment of the issues that emerge from human interaction with robots, going beyond perspectives focused solely on artificial intelligence (AI). Here, a phenomenological approach does not replace ontological concerns, but complements them. The book addresses the following key areas: Regulation of robots and AI; Ethics of AI and robotics; and philosophy of criminal law.

(more…)

Predictive Policing and The Construction of The ‘Criminal’ An Ethnographic Study of Delhi Police


Free Download Shivangi Narayan, "Predictive Policing and The Construction of The ‘Criminal’: An Ethnographic Study of Delhi Police "
English | ISBN: 3031401018 | 2023 | 147 pages | PDF | 2 MB
This book provides a cultural investigation of the police in India and how it uses data and algorithmic tools for crime mapping.The book draws on an ethnographic study of Delhi Police’s hotspot mapping endeavour. It provides a sociological investigation of the police in India and how they use data and algorithmic tools for crime mapping. It discusses how ‘criminals’ are constructed in these systems, typically, the marginalised residents of slums and immigrant colonies. It explores how the algorithm reifies existing assumptions and prejudices about ‘criminals’ as artificial intelligence systems are deeply intertwined with the culture and beliefs of those who make and use them. It pays special attention to the discriminatory practices of relevant police officers and how this ‘predictive’ policing perpetuates harm to the most marginalised. This book contributes to discussions around big data and surveillance studies broadly.

(more…)

Police Street Powers and Criminal Justice Regulation and Discretion in a Time of Change


Free Download Geoff Pearson, "Police Street Powers and Criminal Justice: Regulation and Discretion in a Time of Change"
English | ISBN: 1509925376 | 2020 | 248 pages | EPUB | 2 MB
Police Street Powers and Criminal Justice analyses the utilisation, regulation and legitimacy of police powers. Drawing upon six-years of ethnographic research in two police forces in England, this book uncovers the importance of time and place, supervision and monitoring, local policies and law. Covering a period when the police were under intense scrutiny and subject to austerity measures, the authors contend that the concept of police culture does not help us understand police discretion. They argue that change is a dominant feature of policing and identify fragmented responses to law and policy reform, varying between police stations, across different policing roles, and between senior and frontline ranks.

(more…)

Forensic Firearms in Criminal Trials


Free Download Forensic Firearms in Criminal Trials: Legal, Investigative, and Scientific Aspects
English | 2024 | ISBN: 1032745460 | 147 Pages | PDF (True) | 5 MB
Over the last two‑plus decades, the scientific validity of the principles that underpin identifying a firearm from recovered fired ammunition has been a core issue for the admissibility of expert evidence in criminal trials in the United States. The issues that dominated the determinative points, as they related to the scientific and technological analysis, centered around the following: the validity of uniqueness of firearms, subjective methodology, the potential rate of error, unknown statistical certainty and unsatisfactory proficiency tests. These issues have essentially become the legal requirement for admissibility of experts’ opinion on the linkage of firearms with fired ammunition, an important forensic opinion that connects the crime with the perpetrator through the weapon of offence.

(more…)

EU-UK Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters


Free Download Mirena Pencheva, "EU-UK Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters "
English | ISBN: 3030714748 | 2021 | 145 pages | PDF | 5 MB
This book looks at the past, present and possible future relationship between the EU and the UK in the fields of law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. It examines successively the EU-UK relationship prior to 1 February 2020; the relationship during the transition period; the relationship after the end of the transition period. The book analyses the relevant provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement, the Political Declaration, of the EU and UK negotiating mandates and draft legal texts, and the state of play of the negotiations. It looks at the possible forms that the future cooperation can take and the likely areas, which might be covered, such as cooperation with Europol and Eurojust; criminal records; DNA, dactyloscopic and vehicle registration data; passenger name records; surrender procedures, and mutual legal assistance. It also analyses the overarching issues of protection of personal data and the future role of the Court of Justice of the EU. Finally, this book puts forward some ideas on the possible impact of Brexit on security cooperation within wider Europe and on the possible emergence in future of a European Security Union within wider Europe. The volume is aimed at practitioners and academics in European Studies, International Relations, and Law.

(more…)