Tag: Electron

Free Download X-Ray Free-Electron Laser by Kiyoshi Ueda
English | PDF | 2018 | 458 Pages | ISBN : 3038428795 | 231.09 MB
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) deliver intense, coherent, femtosecond laser pulses in the X-ray range. The XFELs are opening two new research fields. One is to study ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in various forms of matter. XFELs can make atoms and electrons in action visible. Another field is to study the non-linear interaction of the unprecedented intense X-ray pulse with matter.

Free Download Eberhard J. Jaeschke, Shaukat Khan, Jochen R. Schneider, "Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers: Accelerator Physics, Instrumentation and Science Applications"
English | 2020 | pages: 2492 | ISBN: 303023200X | PDF | 80,4 mb
This handbook presents the development of synchrotron light sources and free-electron lasers as well as new scientific applications. Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century had such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal discovery of X-rays in the year 1895. X-ray tubes soon became established as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and even public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher and higher brilliance and much extended spectral range for an ever widening field of research resulted in stunning developments like the electron storage ring and the free-electron laser.

Free Download Secondary Electron Energy Spectroscopy in the Scanning Electron Microscope by Anjam Khursheed
English | November 13, 2020 | ISBN: 9811227020 | 327 pages | MOBI | 27 Mb
This book deals with the subject of secondary energy spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM is a widely used research instrument for scientific and engineering research and its low energy scattered electrons, known as secondary electrons, are used mainly for the purpose of nanoscale topographic imaging. This book demonstrates the advantages of carrying out precision electron energy spectroscopy of its secondary electrons, in addition to them being used for imaging. The book will demonstrate how secondary electron energy spectroscopy can transform the SEM into a powerful analytical tool that can map valuable material science information to the nanoscale, superimposing it onto the instrument’s normal topographic mode imaging. The book demonstrates how the SEM can then be used to quantify/identify materials, acquire bulk density of states information, capture dopant density distributions in semiconductor specimens, and map surface charge distributions.

Free Download Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science by David B. Williams
English | PDF | 1996 | 708 Pages | ISBN : 0306452472 | 119.1 MB

Free Download Modern Developments in Vacuum Electron Sources by Georg Gaertner
English | EPUB | 2020 | 340 Pages | ISBN : 3030472906 | 118.7 MB
This book gives an overview of modern cathodes and electron emitters for vacuum tubes and vacuum electron devices in general. It covers the latest developments in field emission theory as well as new methods towards improving thermionic and cold cathodes. It addresses thermionic cathodes, such as oxide cathodes, impregnated and scandate cathodes, as well as photocathodes and field emitters – the latter comprising carbon nanotubes, graphene and Spindt-type emitter arrays. Despite the rise and fall of the once dominant types of vacuum tubes, such as radio valves and cathode ray tubes, cathodes are continually being improved upon as new applications with increased demands arise, for example in electron beam lithography, high-power and high-frequency microwave tubes, terahertz imaging and electron sources for accelerators. Written by 17 experts in the field, the book presents the latest developments in cathodes needed for these applications, discussing the state of the art and addressing future trends.

Free Download Getting started with Electron.js: Here begins your roadmap in the development web of cross-platform Desktop Applications with Node by Andrés Cruz
English | October 30, 2022 | ISBN: N/A | ASIN: B0BL1M39HK | 315 pages | MOBI | 0.98 Mb
Electron.js is a web framework with which we can create cross-platform (non-native) desktop applications that work on Windows, MacOS and Linux, with a web wrapper using JavaScript, HTML and CSS and without the need for native development experience.

Free Download A. S., Jr. Gilmour, "Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Vacuum Electron Devices: Inductive Output Tubes, Klystrons, Traveling-Wave Tubes, Magnetrons, Crossed-Field Amplifiers, and Gyrotrons"
English | 2020 | ISBN: 1630817287 | PDF | pages: 895 | 264.3 mb
Written by an internationally recognized as an expert on the subject of microwave (MW) tubes, this book presents and describes the many types of microwave tubes, and despite competition from solid-state devices (those using GaN, SiC, et cetera), which continue to be used widely and find new applications in defense, communications, medical, and industrial drying. Helix traveling wave tubes (TWTs), as well as coupled cavity TWTs are covered. Klystrons, and how they work, are described, along with the physics behind it and examples of devices and their uses. Vacuum electron devices are explained in detail and examines the harsh environment that must exist in tubes if they are to operate properly. The secondary emission process and its role in the operation of crossed-field devices is also discussed. The design of collectors for linear-beam tubes, including power dissipation and power recovery, are explored. Discussions of important noise sources and techniques that can be used to minimize their effects are also included. Presented in full color, this book contains a balance of practical and theoretical material so that those new to microwave tubes as well as experienced microwave tube technicians, engineers, and managers can benefit from its use.

Free Download X-Ray Free-Electron Laser by Kiyoshi Ueda
English | PDF | 2018 | 458 Pages | ISBN : 3038428795 | 231.09 MB
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) deliver intense, coherent, femtosecond laser pulses in the X-ray range. The XFELs are opening two new research fields. One is to study ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in various forms of matter. XFELs can make atoms and electrons in action visible. Another field is to study the non-linear interaction of the unprecedented intense X-ray pulse with matter.

Free Download Steding’s and Virágh’s Scanning Electron Microscopy Atlas of the Developing Human Heart by Roelof-Jan Oostra , Gerd Steding , Wout H. Lamers , Antoon F. M. Moorman
English | PDF (True) | 2007 | 218 Pages | ISBN : 0387369422 | 17.3 MB
Steding’s and Virágh’s Scanning Electron Microscopy Atlas of the Developing Human Heart comprises a complete and extensive exposure of the spatial and temporal aspects of human cardiac development as seen with scanning electron microscopy. Apart from serving as a unique overview on cardiac development in the human embryo, this atlas gives an updated morphological reference of cardiac embryology for topographic correlation and enables the projection of experimental results in animals to the human situation.

Free Download Bonding in Electron-Rich Molecules: Qualitative Valence-Bond Approach via Increased-Valence Structures by Richard D. Harcourt
English | PDF (True) | 2016 | 328 Pages | ISBN : 3319166751 | 11.7 MB
This second edition was updated to include some of the recent developments, such as "increased-valence" structures for 3-electron-3-centre bonding, benzene, electron conduction and reaction mechanisms, spiral chain O4 polymers and recoupled-pair bonding. The author provides qualitative molecular orbital and valence-bond descriptions of the electronic structures for primarily electron-rich molecules, with strong emphasis given to the valence-bond approach that uses "increased-valence" structures. He describes how "long-bond" Lewis structures as well as standard Lewis structures are incorporated into "increased-valence" structures for electron-rich molecules. "Increased-valence" structures involve more electrons in bonding than do their component Lewis structures, and are used to provide interpretations for molecular electronic structure, bond properties and reactivities. Attention is also given to Pauling "3-electron bonds", which are usually diatomic components of "increased-valence" structures for electron-rich molecules.