Tag: Legacy

Free Download A Science of Decision Making: The Legacy of Ward Edwards By Jie W. Weiss, David J. Weiss
2008 | 536 Pages | ISBN: 0195322983 | PDF | 11 MB
Ward Edwards is well known as the father of behavioral decision making. In his 1954 Psychological Bulletin paper on decision making, he brought psychological ideas into what had been the province of economists. His influence in this realm is so pervasive that the Nobel committee was able to trace a direct path from Edwards’s work to Daniel Kahneman’s 2002 Prize for prospect theory. In a 1963 Psychological Review paper, Edwards brought Bayesian statistics to the attention of psychologists, who have continued to proliferate Bayesian ideas, underscoring the importance of the perspective. In a 1962 IEEE paper, Edwards foresaw how the world of intelligence gathering and analysis could by transformed by systems in which humans provided (subjective) probabilities and machines provided computational power. He also showed, in a 1986 book written with Detlof von Winterfeldt, how multiattribute utility analysis could help real-world decision makers generate satisfactory solutions to complex problems. In this book, 29 of Ward Edwards’s most important published papers are reprinted, a selection that spans six decades, allowing the reader to see how this strikingly creative thinker generated many of the ideas that are now core beliefs among current researchers. It is perhaps less well known that Edwards continued to make substantial contributions during the years after his retirement. Illness reduced his public appearances, but he continued his incisive thinking behind the scenes. At the time of his passing, he was involved in several projects, and seven new papers from these projects were completed for this book by his last set of collaborators. Edwards’s papers are a treat to read. His prose is the model of elegant simplicity, yet full of style and wit. With each paper, the editors have included a short introduction that presents Edwards’s reflections on the content or impact of the older papers, or describes the creation of the new ones. Obituaries written by former students and colleagues flesh out the human side of this remarkable scholar.

Free Download David Gardner Chardavoyne, "A Lincoln Legacy: The History of the U.s. District Court for the Western District of Michigan "
English | ISBN: 0814348041 | 2020 | 336 pages | EPUB | 3 MB
A Lincoln Legacy: The History of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan by David Gardner Chardavoyne with Hugh W. Brenneman, Jr. provides the first and only comprehensive examination of the history of the United States federal courts in the Western District of Michigan. The federal courts were established by the U.S. Constitution to adjudicate disputes involving federal laws, disputes between litigants from different states involving state and federal laws, and to punish violations of criminal laws passed by Congress. During the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln signed legislation creating two federal districts in the state of Michigan: the Eastern and Western Districts―the latter of which is headquartered in Grand Rapids and which now encompasses the western half of the Lower Peninsula and all of the Upper Peninsula. With the rapid expansion of legislation passed by Congress, the increasing mobility of society, and the growth of interstate commerce, the federal courts have assumed an important and sometimes dominant role in major litigation today.

Free Download Charles River Editors, Daniel Houle (Narrator), "The Panic of 1792: The History and Legacy of America’s First Financial Crisis"
English | ASIN: B08TM2T5VJ | 2020 | MP3@64 kbps | ~01:32:00 | 44 MB
During the Revolution, relatively little consideration had been given to the role of the federal government in the new nation, and the precise role and authority of an overarching entity with responsibility for all states within the union was a major problem. Having fought against and defeated a distant government that imposed seemingly arbitrary rules on the colonies, many people were suspicious about the role of the federal government. The only federal institution during the war was the Continental Congress, which had little real power and was unable to levy taxes from individual states. When the Constitution was drafted in 1787 and George Washington became the first president six years after the end of the Revolutionary War, he immediately began the task of creating the new federal administration.
One of the most urgent tasks Washington faced was the establishment of a treasury to oversee the finances of America and regulate its currency. This was desperately needed, both because the banking sector barely existed and because America was completely and comprehensively out of money. Indeed, it faced the very real possibility of becoming bankrupt since the massive costs of the Revolution had required borrowing on a vast scale. Banks in Holland provided some of the money, but the bulk came from Britain’s great European rival, France. France provided loan after loan to the Continental Congress, and by the time the war ended, the interest alone on these loans was crippling. Congress could not tax states directly, instead relying on financial requisitions, but few of them were actually paid. The balance of trade was heavily biased in favor of imports, with gold leaving the country at an alarming rate. To overcome this, Congress simply printed more and more paper money, which quickly lost its value. As Thomas MacGraw put it, "The War of Independence not only impoverished the country but also left it burdened with the highest public debt it has ever experienced, measured against the income of its government".

Free Download The History and Legacy of the Greatest Empires in the Ancient Levant (Audiobook)
English | ISBN: 9798868607998 | 2024 | 5 hours and 8 minutes | M4B@128 kbps | 284 MB
Author: Charles River Editors
Narrator: Victoria Woodson

Free Download Charles River Editors, Scott Clem (Narrator), , "The Ancient Athenian Navy: The History and Legacy of Greece’s Dominant Naval Force in Antiquity"
English | ASIN: B07R2DB4TC | 2020 | MP3@64 kbps | ~02:27:00 | 69 MB
"Forward, sons of the Greeks,
Liberate the fatherland,

Free Download Charles River Editors, Steve Knupp (Narrator), "Georgy Zhukov: The Life and Legacy of the Soviet Union’s Greatest General during World War II"
English | ISBN: 9798868707858 | 2024 | MP3@64 kbps | ~01:57:00 | 54 MB
The Soviets were so caught by surprise at the start of the attack that the Germans were able to push several hundred miles into Russia across a front that stretched dozens of miles long, reaching the major cities of Leningrad and Sevastopol in just three months. The first major Russian city in their path was Minsk, which fell in only six days. In order to make clear his determination to win at all costs, Stalin had the three men in charge of the troops defending Minsk executed for their failure to hold their position. This move, along with unspeakable atrocities by the German soldiers against the people of Minsk, solidified the Soviet will.
For the next several years, the vast expanses of southern Russia and the Ukraine comprised most of the Eastern Front, where the two sides wrestled lethally for supremacy. Endless rolling plains, vast forests, sprawling cities, and enormous tracts of agricultural land formed the environment over which millions of men and thousands of the era’s most formidable military vehicles fought for their respective overlords and ideologies. If Hitler’s Wehrmacht smashed the Red Army, he might not be able to hope for a lightning conquest, but the Fuhrer could expect the Soviet strongman to sue for peace on terms advantageous to Germany. If, conversely, the Red Army triumphed, Stalin could continue rallying the Soviet Union and move closer to expelling the loathed "Nemets" invaders from Russian soil – and perhaps carve out an empire in Central and Eastern Europe.

Free Download Cameron White, Jim D. Johnston (Narrator), "Genghis Khan: The Ruthless Legacy, Great Mongol Empire, and The Making of the Modern World"
English | ISBN: 9798868690419 | 2024 | MP3@64 kbps | ~04:20:00 | 123 MB
It is rare for an individual in history to have successfully made such a mark on their world that people are still talking about them centuries after their death. When you consider the number of people that have existed throughout the millennia that have wielded some kind of power, it takes a remarkable individual to stand out from the crowd.
Nevertheless, one such individual did manage to achieve this near-impossible feat of attaining everlasting fame: Genghis Khan. This single person from the relative confines of Mongolia is credited with creating one of the most feared empires that ever existed. When you learn more about his story, the very fact that he achieved so much becomes even more remarkable than you may have at first thought.

Free Download The Ottomans and Christians: The History and Legacy of the Ottomans’ Conflicts with Catholic and Orthodox Nations (Audiobook)
English | ISBN: 9798868633096 | 2024 | 9 hours and 52 minutes | M4B@64 kbps | 282 MB
Author: Charles River Editors
Narrator: Jim Walsh
In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the 4th century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity’s greatest empire. Constantinople would continue to serve as the capital of the Byzantine Empire even after the Western half of the Roman Empire collapsed in the late 5th century. Naturally, the Ottoman Empire would also use Constantinople as the capital of its empire after their conquest effectively ended the Byzantine Empire, and thanks to its strategic location, it has been a trading center for years and remains one today under the Turkish name of Istanbul.

Free Download The Battle of Kapetron: The History and Legacy of the First Major Battle Between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turks (Audiobook)
English | ISBN: 9798868616860 | 2023 | 1 hour and 20 minutes | M4B@320 kbps | 184 MB
Author: Charles River Editors
Narrator: Colin Fluxman
The Byzantine Empire existed for over a thousand years, with a history spanning from the division of the Roman Empire in 395 until the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. It was formed from the previous Eastern Roman Empire, and during its long existence, the Byzantine inhabitants were very proud to call themselves Romans. However, many things changed during the long lifespan of the Byzantine Empire, starting with a Hellenization in the 6th century. The use of the Latin language diminished and Greek took its place, while the typical Roman culture gave way to a more Hellenistic one. The Hellenization of Byzantium was detrimental to the relationship with the Holy Roman Empire, and the Christian world from that point would be split in two. The subsequent strengthening of the Orthodox Church caused many civil wars and conflicts to arise during the centuries, which shattered and reshaped the territory time after time.

Free Download Charles River Editors, Jim Walsh (Narrator), "Grunwald and Orsha: The History and Legacy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Most Decisive Battles"
English | ISBN: 9798868759581 | 2024 | M4B@64 kbps | ~02:55:00 | 89 MB
Like other secretive groups, the mystery surrounding the Teutonic Knights has helped their legacy endure. While some conspiracy theorists attempt to tie the group to other alleged secret societies like the Illuminati, other groups have tried to assert connections with the Teutonic Knights to bolster their own credentials. Who they were and what they had in their possession continue to be a source of great intrigue even among non-historical circles.
While the military orders are now often tied to religion or conspiracy theories, they did once wield great power and influence in Europe, and their actions had consequences centuries after they had reached their peak. This was made clear in the wake of a major battle fought between German and Russian forces from August 26-30, 1914 during the First World War. It occurred in Masuria, a region of marshes, woodland, and numerous lakes in northern Poland, almost 400,000 men were involved, and it was a decisive victory for the Germans, who annihilated the Russian army. The Germans named the battle after Tannenberg (Polish Stebark), and the battle, though widely fought over 100 miles, did indeed encompass the village, but there was a historical reason for assigning the name to the battle. On July 15, 1410, Tannenberg was the site of another decisive battle between the army of the Germanic Teutonic Order and that of Poland-Lithuania, a battle now commonly referred to as the Battle of Grunwald (after another nearby village).
In 1514, Orsha was a much smaller town, home to a population of no more than 5,000 as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but on September 8 of that year, the normally quiet and unpretentious town was thrust into the world’s gaze when over 100,000 troops engaged in one of the 16th century’s biggest battles outside the town walls. The battle pitted the forces of the King of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania against the Grand Duchy of Moscow.